抽沙船是一种依靠抽沙泵对河沙进行抽取的水上采沙设备，在这之前先依靠机械部分对河床进行破坏，使得河床底层的泥沙更好的同水流混合，抽沙泵将泥沙通过输沙管道输送到抽沙船上或者指定地点进行筛分和储运工作。抽沙船作为一种高效的抽沙设备，其自身的功能决定其抽沙强度与抽沙效率。
当然除去抽沙船的本身构造和性能外，抽沙船的能否发挥自身的优势还与其所处的环境有关。首先是气候问题，我们都知道国内的结冰地域一般是以秦岭淮河线为基准的。北方的结冰期就不利于抽沙船的采沙工作。因此除做好抽沙船的防冻工作外，还要将抽沙船内部的冷却水放净，防止因结冰而导致冻裂。而南方虽然处于无冰期或者冰期过渡带，但是在冬季气温地下，也需要做好抽沙船的防冻工作。
其次因为河道中沙石含量的配比不同，石子比较少，且直径较小的河道更容易展现抽沙船的生产性能。而对于含沙量在50%以下的河道就不建议使用抽沙船进行抽取，最好使用链斗式挖沙船配备一般筛沙网就可以将石子筛除。而如果石子很多，直径又比较大的河道，挖沙船就需要配备滚筒筛对河沙中的石子进行筛分。经过筛分后的石子一般直接流入另一侧的河道，或者如果有经济价值也可由传送带输送到岸上进行破碎机破碎制成机制沙，可以实现资源的有效利用。
如果河道中河沙中的磁铁屑含量比较高，为了实现资源的有效利用，在抽沙船的洗沙过程中添加磁选设备进行选铁工作。选铁工作一是将河沙中的磁铁屑实现100%的净化率，可以避免河沙中的磁铁屑对建筑物的腐蚀作用，同时也提高了挖沙的经济收益。抽沙船的磁选系统主要是磁选机和水洗精选系统，抽沙船上安装的磁选机的磁表强度一般要达到0.38-0.45特斯拉。抽沙船的水洗的作用是提高毛铁粉的品位，一般可在30-45之间对其进行自由调节。
The pumping vessel is a kind of water-collecting sand equipment which relies on pumping sand pump to extract the river sand. Before this, relying on the mechanical part of the river bed damage, making the sediment at the bottom of the riverbed better mixing with water, pumping sand through the sediment transport pipeline to the pumping sand or designated locations for screening and storage and transportation work. As an efficient sand pumping equipment, the sand pumping vessel has its own function to determine its pumping strength and sand pumping efficiency.
Of course, removal of the sand pumping vessel's own structure and performance, pumping sand can play its own advantages and its environment. First of all, climate problem, we all know that the domestic freezing region is generally based on the Qinling Huaihe River line. The freezing period in the north is unfavorable to the sand extraction of the barge. Therefore, in addition to doing well pumping sand antifreeze work, the drainage of the internal cooling water of the sand, to prevent freezing caused by frost cracking. While the south is in no glacial or glacial transitional zone, but in the winter temperatures, also need to do well pumping sand antifreeze work.
Secondly, because of the different proportion of sandstone in the river, the gravel is less, and the smaller diameter river is easier to show the production performance of sand pumping. For the sediment containing the river below 50%, it is not recommended to use pumping sand, preferably using the chain bucket dredging sand with a general sieve can be the gravel sieve. And if a lot of stones, diameter and relatively large rivers, dredging vessels need to be equipped with drum sieve to the sand in the gravel screening. After screening the stones are generally directly flowing to the other side of the river, or if there is economic value can be transported by conveyor belts to shore crushing crusher made mechanism sand, can realize the effective utilization of resources.
If the content of the magnet in the river sediment is higher, in order to realize the effective utilization of the resources, the magnetic separator is added to the sand-washing process of the pumping vessel. The iron work one is to achieve 100% purification rate of the magnet debris in the river sand, and can avoid the corrosion of the magnet chips in the river sand and increase the economic benefit of digging sand. The magnetic separation system of the pumping sand is mainly magnetic separator and washing select System, the magnetic field of the magnetic separator installed on the pumping vessel is generally to reach 0.38-0.45 Tesla. The water washing effect of the pumping sand is to improve the grade of the wool iron powder, which can be adjusted freely between 30-45.
钻探式抽沙船
液压绞吸式吸沙船
链斗式挖沙船
液压斗轮式抽沙船